Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The first treatment is to avoid actions that cause symptoms. HSS J. The uncontrolled flexion of the hand, as flexors muscles become fibrotic and short. Nerve conduction responses of both sides of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. The authors would like to thank Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Center for Development of Clinical Research of Nemazee Hospital. She did not have polyneuropathy, chronic systemic disease, phlebotomy, injection, or surgical intervention at the elbow. The position of crossing branches of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve during cubital tunnel surgery in humans. Blocking the LAC is accomplished with two local anesthetic injections placed along the intercondylar line. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. The radial nerve supplies sensation to the dorsum of the forearm and hand (see Figures 1 and 2); it also innervates the musculature of the dorsal forearm. 1 and Table 1). Actual patients demonstrate large variation in the depicted pattern of innervation and significant crossover between nerves. 11, 12 Several variations in the anatomic course of the nerve have been reported. Horowitz SH. First, some surgical sites are partially innervated by sensory nerves that are not part of the brachial plexus or not consistently anesthetized with plexus blocks. It runs in the upper arm and is protected by the biceps muscle and then emerges from beneath the lateral margin of the biceps about 2 to 5 cm proximal to the elbow flexion crease where it pierces the brachial fascia and becomes subcutaneous. 2011;6(01):e389. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2014. https://doi.org/10.13070/rs.en.1.665. Type II presenting the both cephalic and basilic vein connected by themedian cubital veinis most common followed by type I. She did not have any hospital admission or drug prescription. Alireza Ashraf. Springer Nature. Brachial and lumbosacral plexopathies: A review. This study further examines the issue. Anesthesiology 1983; 59:11722, Partridge BL, Katz J, Benirschke K: Functional anatomy of the brachial plexus sheath: Implications for anesthesia. Selective elbow blocks are inferior alternatives to brachial plexus blocks. Suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) can be used as an adjunct to arthroscopic shoulder surgery and total shoulder arthroplasty. Chiu Y, Huang Y, Chang C. Medial antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy: a case report. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome shows predominant damage in the T1 distribution, whereas sternotomy-related brachial plexopathy shows predominant damage in the C8 distribution, suggesting that these lesions are localized at the level of the anterior primary rami of the cervical roots, and not in the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. Local anesthetic spread in an interscalene plexus block often blocks the cervical plexus and therefore it is adequate to block the supraclavicular nerve, but the nerve is frequently not anesthetized with a supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The plexuses studied did not show that sex, color or side of the body had much if any influence upon the presence of variations, including some that have not been reported in the literature. PubMed Stylianos K, Konstantinos G, Pavlos P, Aliki F. Brachial branches of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: a case report with its clinical significance and a short review of the literature. The MAC nerve contains the fibers of C8 and T1 nerve roots [1, 2]. Journal of neurosciences in rural practice. 2018 Jun; [PubMed PMID: 29625795], Haadaj R,Wysiadecki G,Dudkiewicz Z,Polguj M,Topol M, The High Origin of the Radial Artery (Brachioradial Artery): Its Anatomical Variations, Clinical Significance, and Contribution to the Blood Supply of the Hand. al ant-i-br-k-l. The axillary block is a peripheral nerve block performed in the axilla and anesthetizes the terminal branches of the brachial plexus ( figure 1 ). The objective of this study was to identify electrodiagnostic and anatomic distinctions between true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome and median sternotomy-related brachial plexopathy, in reference to the pattern of abnormality of the medial antebrachial cutaneous sensory nerve conduction study (NCS) response. She denied alcohol consumption or smoking. [Removal of the 1st rib in thoracic outlet syndrome. Superior borderis an imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus. Ma CX,Pan WR,Liu ZA,Zeng FQ,Qiu ZQ,Liu MY, Deep lymphatic anatomy of the upper limb: an anatomical study and clinical implications. The median nerve and brachial artery lie medially between the brachialis and triceps muscles ( Figure 1 (Aa)). Moreover, regarding the posterior region/levels, the brachial fascia had a greater thickness (mean 0.81 0.20 mm) than the antebrachial fascia (mean 0.71 0.20 mm); regarding the anterior region/levels, the antebrachial fascia was thicker (mean 0.70 0.2 mm) than the brachial fascia (mean 0.61 0.11 mm). Local anesthetics for individual upper extremity nerve blocks are selected for their desired duration of anesthesia and/or analgesia. Do Eric benet and Lisa bonet have a child together? It provides cutaneous innervation to the medial (ulnar) half of the volar forearm, an area commonly misperceived as innervated by the ulnar nerve (see Figures 1 and 2). Muscle Nerve. & Erfani, F. Isolated medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve injury after blunt trauma: a case report. Terms and Conditions, PubMed Distortion or displacement of the tissues surrounding the nerves was noted. The cubital fossa is an area of transition between the anatomical arm and the forearm. Similar to the sciatic nerve then, the brachial plexus lies in a tissue plane closely surrounded by the clavicle, scapula, chest wall, and humerus. The 2008;48(2):1257. 2008;22(2):24854. In her past medical history, she did not have any significant social, environmental, or drug history prior to diagnosis. The thoracic outlet syndromes: Part 1. In one case report, it occurred after repetitive minor trauma [5]. The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve originates from the medial cord of the brachial plexus in continuation of the lower trunk. Fig. 2009 Feb;5(1):73-7. doi: 10.1007/s11420-008-9105-4. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. In this case report study, we presented the case of a 34-year-old female with isolated MAC nerve injury after blunt trauma. Benedikt S, Parvizi D, Feigl G, Koch H. Anatomy of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and its significance in ulnar nerve surgery: an anatomical study. Brachial artery pseudoaneurysmsare a pulsatile hematoma caused by hemorrhage on soft tissues. Commonly anesthetized as a component of cervical plexus block for carotid surgery, the supraclavicular nerve may also require block for surgery involving the shoulder or supraclavicular area. Third, it is said that supraclavicular techniques are more effective than axillary techniques because the nerves are closer together. On follow-up electrodiagnosis, after several sessions of physical therapy, the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve sensory nerve action potential still had a significant amplitude difference. Before 2018; [PubMed PMID: 29992133], Kota AA,Hazra D,Selvaraj AD, Basilic vein haemangioma: an unusual differential diagnosis for cubital fossa mass. AA visited the patient and did the electrodiagnostic study and analysis. Webantebrachial | brachial | As adjectives the difference between antebrachial and brachial is that antebrachial is relating to the forearm while brachial is pertaining or belonging to the arm. Study now. Brachial artery suppliesoxygenated blood the forearm. The brachial pulse may be palpated in the cubital fossa just medial to the tendon. Sometimes nerve testing (EMG/NCS) may be needed to see how much the nerve and muscle are being affected. eCollection 2020. Privacy On nerve conduction study (NCS), sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of the median (third finger), ulnar (fifth finger), radial (snuff box), and dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerves had normal peak latency and amplitude, without a significant difference to the asymptomatic side. Machanic BI, Sanders RJ. WebThe brachial catheter CTDS was performed from the top of the clavicle to 30 mm below the glenoid fossa, and the sciatic catheter CTDS was performed from the top of the sacroiliac If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Indeed, frequently the line of dye conformed to the shape of the surrounding anatomy (figs. There are some iatrogenic causes, including steroid injection due to medial epicondylitis, routine venipuncture, cubital tunnel surgery, loose body removal, elbow arthroscopy, open fractures fixation, tumor excision, panniculitis excision, brachial plexus block, and arthrolysis [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. As an adjective antebrachial is relating to the forearm. Findings of the location of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve are reported on the basis of anatomical landmarks to aid the reconstructive surgeon in planning his or her operative approach and procedure to maximize aesthetic benefit and limit nerve injury. Anesthesiology 1964; 25:35363, Davies DV: Gray's Anatomy, 34th edition. When combined with general anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy, SSNB improves analgesia, reduces opioid-related side effects, and hastens hospital discharge, although SSNB is not superior to interscalene block in this setting. It goes along the course of the median and ulnar nerves, vena basilica, and arteria brachialis, in the upper arm [ 1 ]. Patients should be informed to protect their insensate limb from external pressure or temperature extremes. On follow-up electrodiagnosis after 1month, the conduction block in the right ulnar CNAP resolved, but the MAC nerve SNAP still had a significant amplitude difference (Table 2). The anatomic differences distinguishing these disorders from each other, and from other lower trunk brachial plexopathies, have not been defined. A third issue is to avoid elbow blocks to supplement incomplete brachial plexus blocks because this practice theoretically increases the risk of anesthesia-related nerve injury. 2017; [PubMed PMID: 29391938], Mukai K,Nakajima Y,Nakano T,Okuhira M,Kasashima A,Hayashi R,Yamashita M,Urai T,Nakatani T, Safety of Venipuncture Sites at the Cubital Fossa as Assessed by Ultrasonography. 1996 Dec;67(12):1034-7. doi: 10.1007/s001150050089. For this reason, these blocks may be preferable to selective elbow or wrist blocks as a supplement to incomplete brachial plexus anesthesia involving volar forearm cutaneous distribution. 2B, 3, and 4). 1989;32(5):3667, 369. The .gov means its official. MeSH Accordingly, it is possible to misinterpret the images from these studies. The physical ability and perception of the elderly with a high risk of sarcopenia to cope with daily activities and the tools available from Affective Science are used to measure the detectable emotional change. [2] It 2018 Mar 28; [PubMed PMID: 29599380], Sadeghi A,Setayesh Mehr M,Esfandiari E,Mohammadi S,Baharmian H, Variation of the cephalic and basilic veins: A case report. while brachium is the arm,region between shoulder and the elbow. Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common nerve compression syndrome in peripheral nerve compression disease. Our data suggest that medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve fibers are closely associated anatomically at the T1 root level with median motor fibers innervating the thenar muscles. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Jung MJ, Byun HY, Lee CH, Moon SW, Oh M-K, Shin H. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve injury after brachial plexus block: two case reports. Three to 5 mL of local anesthetic is injected when a paresthesia to the hand is elicited. What is sunshine DVD access code jenna jameson? Hoffmanns and Babinski signs were negative. Conversely, in the 14 patients with sternotomy-related brachial plexopathy, the ulnar sensory and motor amplitudes were the most affected responses. Suprascapular nerve block. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. When was AR 15 oralite-eng co code 1135-1673 manufactured? This nerve involvement was also reported with tuberculoid leprosy neuritis [10] and subcutaneous lipoma [11]. The white arrowsindicate the dye-enhanced nerves in both coronal and axial sections. Did Billy Graham speak to Marilyn Monroe about Jesus? It can also happen by falling onto a flexed elbow, but this accounts for less than 5% of cases.The displaced fracture fragments may impinge and damage the contents of the cubital fossa. WebAs adjectives the difference between antecubital and antebrachial is that antecubital is pertaining to, or situated in the anterior part of the elbow (cubitus while antebrachial is The suprascapular nerve provides motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, but minimal if any cutaneous innervation over the scapula or posterior shoulder. Medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve blocks are useful techniques for superficial volar forearm procedures, such as arteriovenous fistula creation. At the supraclavicular level, however, the elements of the plexustrunks, divisions, and cordsinterlace and interlink, and hence the connective tissues containing these nerves interconnect, a feature observed when they are dissected.8This interconnection would allow for a more even spread of injected solution, a phenomenon that is observed clinically.21This is distinctly different at the axillary level, where the terminal nerves do not interconnect and the connective tissues surrounding them create distinct compartments for each.16Fourth, side effect profiles may be explained by the interconnection, via tissue planes, of the anatomical compartments across which the nerves travel. Copy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1994; 11:3916, Klaastad O, Smedby O, Thompson GE, Tillung T, Hol PK, Rotnes JS, Brodal P, Breivik H, Hetland KR, Fosse ET: Distribution of local anesthetic in axillary brachial plexus block: A clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. It is located in a depression on the anterior surface of the elbow joint. Tissue planes are fundamental to surgical dissection technique,12but perhaps they are not sufficiently emphasized in anesthetic practice, given the number of publications in the literature that describe them.5,6,1316. We believe that the similarities between the two different sets of CTDSs are not coincidental and that there are sound anatomical reasons to explain this. This variation underlines the importance of using the intravenous illuminator for venipuncture. Blocks of the lateral and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. The brachial plexus catheter tips lay just inferolateral to the coracoid process of the scapula, whereas the sciatic nerve catheter tips lay between the tip of the ischial tuberosity and the femur. Selective nerve blocks at the elbow to supplement incomplete proximal brachial plexus should be practiced with caution. Article Local anesthetic block of the lateral and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves is indicated for superficial surgery of the forearm, such as arteriovenous fistula surgery, or as a supplement to incomplete brachial plexus block. Intraoperative Protective Mechanical Ventilation: Fact or Fiction? The management of patients seeking revisional body contouring procedures is discussed, particularly when performed on patients following massive weight loss, may require secondary intervention to treat residual contour abnormalities. ( B) Coronal section of brachial plexus catheter. This complication is largely avoidable by directing the needle in a caudad, rather than anterior, direction. WebBrachial definition, belonging to the arm, foreleg, wing, pectoral fin, or other forelimb of a vertebrate. It is a transverse fracture, spanning between the two epicondyles. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Polcaro L, Charlick M, Daly DT. In follow-up sensory nerve conduction study of the right MABC nerve, the latency on the right side was delayed by 5.00 ms compared to 2.50 ms on the unaffected left side, and the amplitude on the right side showed an abnormally reduced value of 2.9 V compared 14). 1994;44(5):962962. It is also called the antecubital fossa because it lies anteriorly to the elbow (Latin cubitus) when in standard anatomical position. BMJ case reports. For this study, six arm cadavers from three fresh cadavers were dissected and examined to find and study possible anatomical variations of the MACN. government site. PubMed Central The supraclavicular nerve is derived from the ventral rami of the third and fourth cervical nerve roots (C3C4); it is thus separate from the brachial plexus. At this level, block of the ulnar nerve results in anesthesia of the little finger and motor block of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. 2. The antebrachium is the forearm. This case report presents the case of a 34-year-old Persian female with dysesthesia and pain in the medial side of the forearm immediately following a blunt trauma by mechanism of elbow external rotation. The intercostobrachial nerve block is a useful supplement to any brachial plexus block when surgery involves the upper medial/posterior arm, a pneumatic tourniquet, and/or an anterior arthroscopic port. Anesthesiology 1958; 19:2814, Winnie AP, Collins VJ: The subclavian perivascular technique of brachial plexus anesthesia. It passes the elbow joint just medial to the brachial artery and in front of the brachialis muscle. Direct damage or post-fracture swelling can cause interference to the blood supply of the forearm from the brachial artery. Can J Surg. The intercostobrachial is anesthetized by depositing 5 mL of local anesthetic subcutaneously superiorly and inferiorly along the axillary crease via a 1.5-in. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. First, there may be minimal space for soft tissue expansion at any one point,17and therefore, flow must occur along the tissue plane, according to resistances encountered along the way.18As observed in the images from this study, one of the paths of lesser resistance within the tissue plane is along the line of the nerve, and in both directions from the point of injection. Because cutaneous nerve blocks of the upper extremity require only small amounts of local anesthetic, which are typically injected subcutaneously and not close to major vessels, they can be placed with standard American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) monitoring. Cookies policy. At the epicondyles, the radial nerve lies relatively deep between the brachialis and brachioradialis muscles (Figure 8). The ethics committee approved this study with the reference number IR.SUMS.MED.REC.1401.112. Anesthesiology 2002; 96:131524, Cornish PB, Leaper CJ: The axillary tunnel: Redefining the limits of spread for brachial plexus blockade (abstract). What is the cast of surname sable in maharashtra? CAS statement and CAS Selective block of the radial nerve is accomplished by placing a needle approximately 1.5 cm lateral to the biceps tendon at the level of the epicondyles (see Figure 8). lateral side and the ulna on the medial side. Their case report is of clinical importance in a multidisciplinary aspect and possible neurological consequences of the iatrogenic injury to the nerve and its branches and a short literature review on MACN anatomical variations is presented. FIGURE 9. Anesthesia for lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve requires two injections. Although the most common type of male and female was different as type I and type II, respectively, there is no statistical difference between them. Complications of pseudoaneurysms can cause a serious threat to the afflicted limb and the patient's life. The carpus is not proximal to the brachium. FOIA A 1.5-in. A tissue plane is a potential space of embryologic origin that separates muscular and/or visceral compartments and that provides space for transmission of arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves between these compartments. The three patients with brachial plexus catheters had these inserted using the bent needle technique of supraclavicular block,9and all had undergone major wrist, elbow, or forearm surgery during regional anesthesia, followed by regional analgesia using their catheters. California Privacy Statement, We present a case of acute blunt trauma-induced injury to the MAC nerve that was diagnosed by a nerve conduction study. In the 10 patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome, the medial antebrachial cutaneous amplitude was most affected, followed in decreasing order of involvement by the median motor, ulnar sensory, and ulnar motor amplitudes. Cite this article. Some authors have even reported selective catheterization to avoid unnecessary motor block or numbness of the uninvolved parts of the upper extremity. 1993;74(5):5402. the brachial and antebrachial fasciae form a unique sheath that might be compared to an evening glove, proximally tensioned by the various myofascial by injecting 1 ml of 50% diluted 300 mg/ml Omnipaque (iohexol; Amersham Health Limited, Auckland, New Zealand) dye down the respective catheters and then performing a preliminary computerized tomography scan. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal. 2014 May;49(5):724-7. doi: 10.1002/mus.24066. Disclaimer. Conclusions: Although spontaneous recovery of this nerve may be possible, the delay in timely diagnosis can cause imposing unnecessary diagnostic work-ups to evaluate other differential diagnoses of forearm dysesthesia. The following observations relate to figures 14. When LAC and/or MAC nerve blocks are supplemental to a previous incomplete brachial plexus block, the additional 1520 mL of local anesthetic should be well tolerated by patients if injected 2030 minutes after the primary block. View 2 excerpts, cites background and methods, Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury. Complications of the supraclavicular nerve block are uncommon. volume17, Articlenumber:91 (2023) There are several reasons why the tissue plane is important anatomy to understand. Antebrachial vs Antebrachium Antebrachial vs Taxonomy Antibrachial vs Antebrachial Antecubital vs Antebrachial The concept of the axillary "sheath" has been a central tenet of brachial plexus regional anesthesia for many years. Because damage to this nerve rarely occurs, its evaluation may be missed in routine electrodiagnostic studies. Supraclavicular nerves, derived from C3C4 nerve roots, is not part of the brachial plexus, and provides sensory innervation of the shoulder cape.. Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research. The concept of the brachial plexus sheath seems to describe the anatomy inaccurately. Clin Neurophysiol Pract. [1] Specifically, the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve provides sensory innervation of the medial forearm as well as the skin overlying the olecranon. The area just superficial to the cubital fossa is often used for venous access (phlebotomy). The resulting ischemia can cause Volkmanns ischaemic contracture. The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (MAC) is an intermediary branch of the medial cord. Selective upper extremity nerve blocks can be useful supplements to brachial plexus blocks. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MACN) is a branch of the brachial plexus with a great variation within its branches. Electrodiagnostic features of true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. The sciatic nerve is not surrounded or enveloped by a "sheath"--it lies in the tissue plane between rigid anatomical structures. MACN neuropathy should be taken into account for the differential diagnosis of the patients with complaints of pain and dysestesia in medial forearm and anteromedial aspect of the elbow. PubMedGoogle Scholar. It provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral (radial) half of the volar forearm. WebThe ante-brachial fascia arises as a direct continuation of the brachial fascia in its inferior section (Fig 36.16). Blunt trauma can be one of the causes of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve involvement. 2019 Sep 15;404:115-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.07.024. The relevant anatomy will be covered with specific nerve block description. Therefore, when faced with the choice of performing a single nerve block versus blocking several adjacent nerves, it is advisable to err on the side of multiple blocks, particularly in those adjacent cutaneous areas that represent potential crossover innervation (Figures 1 and 2). Lower trace: normal response obtained from the left side medial antebrachial cutaneous, peak latency 1.55milliseconds, amplitude 26.9V. The intercostobrachial nerve is anesthetized by subcutaneous injection of 35 mL local anesthetic along the axillary crease. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004; 29:24, Cornish PB, Leaper CJ, Hahn JL: Evaluation of spread of a bolus injection administered, Winnie AP, Radonjik R, Akkineni SR, Durrani Z: Factors influencing distribution of local anaesthetic into the brachial plexus sheath. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1986; 30:1822, Pashchuk AIu, Shtutin AA: Topographical and anatomic substantiation of sheath block of the brachial plexus [in Russian]. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2021 Oct 14;11(10):1896. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11101896. How many minutes does it take to drive 23 miles? National Library of Medicine Postoperative analgesia was provided via their sciatic nerve catheters. Techniques for anesthetizing the LAC and MAC nerves involveonly superficial injection of local anesthetic; thus the risk of nerve injury is very low. Another reason to avoid selective elbow blocks is the commonly misunderstood cutaneous innervation of the forearm. Other Comparisons: What's the difference? Babaeian, Z., Ashraf, A. Medial antebrachial cutaneous NCS changes closely paralleled median motor response changes. The dynamics of spread have the potential to be quite different18from those one might expect from a simple tubular structure such as a sheath. If intermediate-acting local anesthetics are selected (lidocaine or mepivacaine), the duration can be increased with either adjuvant epinephrine (2.5 mcg/mL). The site is secure. It is a pure sensory nerve that innervates the anteromedial part of the distal arm, antecubital fossa, posterior olecranon region, and medial volar aspect of the forearm. It provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral (radial) half of the volar forearm. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. A low ankle-brachial index The supraclavicular nerve provides sensory innervation to the cape of the shoulder (Figure 3). Fig. ( A) Axial section of brachial plexus catheter. WebAntebrachial vs Antebrachium - What's the difference? Article The first 5 mL of local anesthetic is injected just deep to the lateral margin of the biceps tendon; the second 5 mL area injected subcutaneously and lateral from the first injection site, along the elbow crease (Figure 7). Range of motion, manual muscle testing, and deep tendon reflexes were normal. Anatomy, head and neck, brachial plexus. Anesth Analg 1979; 58:22534, Rodriguez J, Barcena M, Alvarez J: Restricted infraclavicular distribution of the local anesthetic solution after infraclavicular brachial plexus block. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve originates from the medial cord of the brachial plexus in continuation of the lower trunk.
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