The ramp location is set to be -U_max. Enter in the equation shown which is the ramp function of the wall deflection, with an added term limiting the expression to occur only when the depth is below the strut. I tried to use your method but I failed. The model is solved in two steps first, the Laminar Flow physics interface is solved, and then the Transport of Diluted Species interface is solved. Clear the selection and add the middle strut, then change the expression from stage 1 to stage 2 to activate it only when the depth moves below the second strut. Image by IX-factory STK Own work, via Wikimedia Commons. The electric potential on one side of the gap is accessed from the other side by using an extrusion operator in order to compute the current density flowing across the gap. The results of the analysis, including the concentration and the mapped velocity field, are depicted below. (For reference: the model is approx. The source domain(s) can be the domain(s) on which the destination point(s) are defined. the destination map, not sure what the source frame should be. Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. point 2 there simply involves time varying coordinates of the focal point of the laser beam in the example model : http://www.comsol.com/model/laser-heating-of-a-silicon-wafer-13835. Here, we will demonstrate how to accomplish this using the General Extrusion component couplings in COMSOL Multiphysics. A destination map and source map is specified here. An initial stress is added to the model as well to simulate the in-situ stresses in the x, y, and z directions. The focus of this blog post is on the transformation T : x_d \rightarrow x_s.. COMSOL Multiphysics offers two coupling operators to specify this mapping: Linear Extrusion operators and General Extrusion operators. General Extrusions makes simple and intricate aluminum shapes through both long and short production runs. The same transforms can be implemented in three dimensions. In our earlier blog post on Linear Extrusion operators, we considered an affine mapping that pairs up points 1, 4, and 2 in the source domain to points 1, 5, and 3 in the destination domain. Several cases are illustrated in the table below. The following types of Extrusion Coupling Operators are available: Note that the operator name is kept to its default: genext1. I defined a general extrusion operator, then defined variables such as T_sf = genext1(comp1.T), Y_sf = genext1(Y) and so. Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. Example 1 In our earlier blog post on Linear Extrusion operators, we considered an affine mapping that pairs up points 1, 4, and 2 in the source domain to points 1, 5, and 3 in the destination domain. Lets begin by looking at a microfluidic device, as shown below. The parabola is the source. The flow solution on this unit cell is also plotted, as shown below. Considering a variable defined on the xy-plane within a unit square centered at the origin, as shown above, it is possible to implement a variety of transforms simply via different destination maps, and leaving the source map unchanged. Now, add a free triangular for the remaining geometry. Create a second plot group and surface plot, then enter in the expression solid.epe>0 to view the plastic deformation in the different soil layers. I have only one small question, if you dont mind, you could maybe write the expressions of the variable disp. In this instance, that relationship is given by. Within the original domain, a displacement of zero is used. First a mapped mesh for the retaining wall domain. It also provides design assistance and engineering support. I am trying to use the same for droplet evaporation. comsol.com To map the solution from one domain into the other domains that are offset by a known displacement along the x-axis, the destination map uses the expression x-Disp for the x-expression. They are not necessarily pertaining to the x or y coordinates in the source or destination. Thanks for replying. At a point P_d in the destination entity, we want to compute a quantity that is a function of another quantity defined at the source entity. I have an equation involving u(x,y), but instead of using a stationary solver I reformulate the equation as something like u(x,t), where the variable y plays a similar role as t, and hence solvable using the time dependent solver in 1D model. In this example, since the x, y, and z-coordinates of the destination map are explicitly specified without any association with the coordinates of a geometric entity, it doesnt matter where we evaluate the General Extrusion coupling operator. To implement, define a General Extrusion operator on a boundary parallel to the xy-plane, with the z-expression blank for both the Source Map and a Destination Map. Additional settings are shown below. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. In the Work plane list, select the work plane to extrude from. There are two ways to model an excavation in COMSOL Multiphysics, both of which include a parametric sweep. This moving load is then transformed into the rotating coordinate system via the General . The first boundary load is added for the horizontal soil boundaries. Create a second line graph, showing the surface settlement, or vertical displacement, as a function of the distance from the wall. Now that we have the solution on one unit cell, we can use the General Extrusion component coupling to map the solution from this one unit cell onto the repeated domains. A linear mapping built using a General Extrusion operator. We can choose a prescribed displacement to make sure the soil at boundary 4 only moves in the y direction. Computing and Visualizing Satellite Orbits in COMSOL, Introduction to the Elastic Waves, Time Explicit Interface. \frac{x_s}{2}\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}+\frac{d}{4}\ln(2\frac{x_s}{d}+\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}) = \sqrt{x_d^2+y_d^2}. How did you select the source in the general extrusion settings? Is it possible to do this within GUI, or do i have to do it via MATLAB? To implement the normal current boundary condition on side 1, we need access to the electric potential V_2 on side 2. This time in the x direction and using the second general extrusion operator in the u0 field. Thus, the second line y^iexpression is left blank. Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries, 2023 by COMSOL. There are two ways to model an excavation in COMSOL Multiphysics, both of which include a parametric sweep. The General Extrusion operator is used to define the velocity field in all three periodic domains. In fact, a shortcut can be made by using the expression genext2(V)-genext1(V) for the voltage difference, regardless of which side it is being applied. It is really a helpful example. General Extrusions, Inc. can provide complete aluminum extrusion components including your finish requirements. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. The geometry has been previously created for this model, but all the steps are outlined in the model file to build the upper and lower layers of the soil, as well as the retaining wall and three embedded struts. The General Extrusion operator is used to define the velocity field in all three periodic domains. listed if standards is not an option). General extrusion is one way to couple. Settings for the General Extrusion operator defined on the stator boundary. Once the model has finished computing we can add some post processing to better view the results. Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. Each side of the junction becomes a source entity in one of the extrusion operators, as depicted below. If the mapping is affine, it is sufficient to know how some points in the source correspond to points in the destination entity. Right click again to duplicate it twice, since we want similar settings for the second and third struts. The plot below shows the temperature evaluated at the focal point of the moving laser: As the excavation reaches their depths, the struts are activated as long as the horizontal wall deflection is greater than what we allow it to be. In an upcoming blog post, we will walk you through how to use the operator to map cross-sectional data from one or several cross sections onto another cross section for geometries where the cross section dimensions do not change over the length of interest. The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots. To start a new discussion with a link back to this one, click here. We begin by adding the General Extrusion coupling operator from the definitions toolbar as shown in the screenshot below: 50K views 6 years ago Creating Geometries in COMSOL Multiphysics: Tutorial Series COMSOL Multiphysics contains a handful of tools to quickly and easily convert 2D planar geometries into 3D. It will always be requested to be evaluated at the destination coordinates entered in the settings of the General Extrusion coupling operator. The periodic velocity field, indicated by the arrows, is solved in one domain and mapped into the others. It also provides design assistance and engineering support. To implement, define a General Extrusion operator on a boundary parallel to the xy-plane, with the z-expression blank for both the Source Map and a Destination Map. If we know this ahead of time, it is possible to exploit the periodicity to reduce computational requirements. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. Ce consentement peut tre retir tout moment. With a voltage terminal at the bottom of the device and ground at the top of the device, the following results are obtained. The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1. A 2D parabolic curve given by \frac{y}{d} =(\frac{ x}{d})^2 is in a square domain of side d. Our task is to build an operator that maps data from this curve (represented in blue in the figure below) to different parts of the square. The player button feature allows you to see all the excavation depth results in one animation. A symmetry is used because the modeled excavation is only the right half of the full excavation. It can be done in one model if just the physics are changing. I didn't mean to do integration, what i meant is something like: Mapping of data defined on a cross section (left) around an axis of symmetry and into a volume (right). Right click the Boundary Load 3 node to rename it Strut_1. In 4.0a, I can define a general extrusion coupling, and the source domain is applies to. Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics, 2023 by COMSOL. The default plot shows the von Mises stress. When it comes to general nonlinear mappings, General Extrusion operators are necessary. listed if standards is not an option). Discussion Closed This discussion was created more than 6 months ago and has been closed. The reason is that x^i and y^i are indices for the first and second pairs of expressions used to define the source-destination relationship implicitly. Mit der Anmeldung erklre ich mich damit einverstanden, dass COMSOL meine Daten gem meinen Prferenzen und wie in der Datenschutzerklrung von COMSOL beschrieben erfasst, speichert und verarbeitet. 3 Replies, Please login with a confirmed email address before reporting spam. Too simple. One option involves a sweep of the geometry, removing the geometry (excavation) one step at a time. -- If you have already computed the solution to the finite element problem, then you can simply evaluate temperature at the destination points by clicking on the update solution option in the Study toolbar, or you can dynamically probe the variable genext1(T) evaluated at a point while you compute the solution to the finite element problem. Mapping of data defined on a boundary (left) along the direction normal to the plane and into a volume (right). Thank you for your time. Hi In this example, the operator is used by the Transport of Diluted Species interface to define the velocity field (illustrated below). listed if standards is not an option). Email: support@comsol.com. Add depth as the continuation parameter, and click the range button. we first need to invert the expression L=\frac{x_s}{2}\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}+\frac{d}{4}\ln(2\frac{x_s}{d}+\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}) and write x_s in terms of L. Thats no fun at all! In other words, the operators define the point-to-point map. Lets consider a point on the disk at a distance of 0.5 inches from the center of the disk located at (0,0). "Using the General Extrusion coupling operator in COMSOL: Dynamic probe http://t.co/q6jAnnc5HC" Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. This variable should only exist on the . Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries. This time in the x direction and using the second general extrusion operator in the u0 field. Modeling an Excavation in COMSOL. However, if we want to use variables from a 2D axisymmetric component in the physics node of a 3D component (i.e., thermal expansion), we need to utilize General Extrusion operators. This can be useful for analysis; for example, to probe the solution at a point that is moving in time but is associated with a stationary geometry. General Extrusions makes simple and intricate aluminum shapes through both long and short production runs. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version En fournissant votre adresse email, vous acceptez de recevoir des emails de COMSOL AB et de ses filiales propos du Blog COMSOL, et acceptez que COMSOL traite vos informations conformment sa Politique de confidentialit. We want an operator that will copy from a point on the parabola to a point in the square, such that the distance of the destination point from the origin is equal to the length of the segment of the parabola between the origin and the source point. The Linear Extrusion operator defines a linear extrusion that maps between geometric parts of the same dimension. Oftentimes, however, we may not have explicit expressions. Thus, every point in the original domain is mapped along the positive x-direction by the specified displacement. If its a simple analysis may be u dont even want the two components. The company produces standard and custom aluminum extrusions for manufacturers in the appliance, medical equipment, transportation, and automotive markets, among others. The Shockley diode equation for the current-voltage (I-V) relation is used at the junction. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. 2 for the wall diaphragm totaling 60 elements, and one for the bottom boundary, with 3 elements. For example, you can couple edges (boundaries) in 2D to edges in 3D; or couple 2D domains to 3D faces. Several cases are illustrated in the table below. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. Struts are activated once the excavation reaches their depths by using a boolean expression. You can learn more about the use of projection operators in this previous blog post. listed if standards is not an option). The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots. We can similarly evaluate the temperature at any other point. Stay tuned! The company's manufacturing operations, which include a Youngstown, Ohio plant, comprise 220,000 square feet. Data transfer between components is performed using the COMSOL built-in "General Extrusion" coupling operator, and the iterative study steps are controlled using "For" and "End For" nodes in COMSOL. Sample data defined on the xy-plane, centered at the origin. Linear Extrusion operators are easier to build, but their utility is limited to affine transformations.General Extrusion operators are more general but take more work to define. The boundary condition at the top side is illustrated below. General Extrusions, Inc. continues its tradition as a leading manufacturer of aluminum extrusions where quality always comes first. I deplore the glaring oversight of COMSOL: Considering how frequently one encounters problems that include a combination of Rotationally-Symmetric and Cartesian components, that COMSOL has not seen fit to provide a specific operator for this case! Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. The components of this velocity field are now defined in all of the repeated domains via the General Extrusion operator: genext1(u) and genext1(v), respectively. As the excavation deepens, three struts are activated using a ramp function, and boolean expressions. I would appreciate any help. For example, to map data from a boundary around a centerline, introduce a cylindrical system, and use those coordinate system variables to define the source and destination map. With the General Extrusion operator defined, we can now use it throughout the model. To see how this General Extrusion operator maps variables, consider a plane stationary heat conduction problem with the left and right edges at temperatures of 300 K and 400 K, respectively. The species concentration (shown in color) is solved in all three repeating domains. Next, well look at how to use a General Extrusion operator to specify implicit relations. Next, let's take a look at the settings of the . Now we can build the mesh and zoom in on the soil-wall boundary, to see the improved mesh. Only the data in the z-expression is mapped. Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions! If the nonlocal couplings you want to simulate are not included in the built-in features of COMSOL Multiphysics, you can use the strategies youve learned today to implement them. An example of defining such a rotation matrix is detailed in this previous blog post. Hi This approach, as explained earlier, is limited to cases in which the source and destination are related by affine transformations. For affine relations, General Extrusion operators can be used as an alternative to Linear Extrusion operators. Sample data defined on the xy-plane, centered at the origin. Then the naming and differentiation between time and spatial variables is basically a convention issue, the math behind does not really change This works and solution time is reduced to 118s so much more in line with the case without gaps! A pressure constraint at a single point is used to gauge fix the pressure field. If excavating close to a retaining wall, youre subjecting it to additional forces it was not originally designed for, and it may require subsequent support. Standard and precision custom aluminum extrusions in 3000 and 6000 series alloys; Complete aluminum extrusion components including your finish requirements. Schematic of a microfluidic mixer that depicts the repeated unit cell and the inlet and outlet zones. But finally COMSOL basics is a PDE solver tool for a given subset of useful functions, of the type used for common physics (that fits in the global or coefficient form. General Extrusion Variable. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. Similarly, on side 2, we need access to the electric potential V_1 on the other side of the junction. We want a depth ranging from 0 to -26 meters with a step size of two meters. Rename this one Strut_2. Within their design, a common goal is to achieve optimal mixing within a small surface area, hence the serpentine channel. Now suppose we would like to evaluate the temperature at one point of the rotating wafer. To add a General Extrusion operator, we go to Definitions > Component Couplings > General Extrusion. Extruding Data Along a Direction One option is to use the General Extrusion coupling operator. COMSOL Multiphysics(r) fan, retired, former "Senior Expert" at CSEM SA (CH), Topology Optimization Electric Motor: General extrusion, Accessing Nonlocal Variables with Linear Extrusion Operators, How to Compute Distances Between Objects in COMSOL Multiphysics, Galleria dei Modelli e delle App di Simulazione, 2023 da COMSOL. General Extrusions makes no exclusions with its extrusions. Sometimes, we may want to access an integral, average, maximum, or minimum over a source line, surface, or volume. The plot below shows the graph for temperature evaluated at a point located 0.5 inches from the center of the rotating disk: Now that the velocity field is defined throughout the modeling domain, the species concentration at the inlet is defined via the Inflow boundary condition. Online Support Center: https://www.comsol.com/support In these first two examples, the Use source map check box in the Source section of the settings window has been left unchecked. Such devices feature small channels that are filled with fluids carrying different chemical species. The temperature will vary linearly with x. I am also troubled by such a problem of time-dependent coordinates. The stator boundary 33 is used as the source boundary in the General Extrusion operator. The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots. \rho C_{p} \frac{\partial T}{\partial t} + \rho C_{p} \mathbf{u} \cdot \nabla T = \nabla \cdot (k \nabla T). Create the ramp function for activating the struts. Gaining Understanding of Complex Phenomena with Virtual Laboratories, The Graphics Window: Effective and Beautiful Postprocessing, How to Use Maximum Likelihood for Parameter Estimation in COMSOL, Thank you for your Blog. I wonder when will you post about Mapping Cross-Sectional Data? I apologize of my explanation sounds vague or ambiguous. Add a distribution for the wall diaphragm and enter 60 for the number of elements. At the outlet, we want the species to be well mixed. For questions related to your modeling, please contact our Support team. I hope I have not missed it. To do so, you can use General Extrusion operators to map the fields from the stator to the slider. As in Example 1, we enter the expression on the right-hand side in the destination map. First, did you only the repeating unit in your graphics window before using the General Extrusion and Periodic Boundary conditions node or was it the entire geometry? Therefore, we can greatly reduce our model by solving only for the fluid flow within one unit cell and patterning this flow solution throughout the modeling domain for the convection-diffusion problem. Now, if desired, it is possible to model the entire device shown above. Extrusion operators can be used to access the electric potential on the other side of a junction. I am trying to implement the Periodic Boundary condition in a 3D model by following your post but I have some questions. Add boundary 8 and change the y-axis data expression to v and use millimeters as the unit. I need to obtain a whole bunch of data in the variables section, ef., Mass fraction, Density and others. In the General Extrusion settings window shown above, the labels under Destination Map and Source read x^iexpression and y^iexpression rather than xexpression and yexpression. For example, if you would rather follow the point on the geometry that corresponds to the focal point of the moving laser, you would enter the time-varying coordinates of the focal point of the laser. Several cases are illustrated in the table below. For the final part of the physics set up, we are going to add five boundary loads to the model. COMSOL Multiphysics includes built-in features pertaining to such physical effects. General Extrusions, Inc. continues its tradition as a leading manufacturer of aluminum extrusions where quality always comes first. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. When building the mapping, it is important to ask the following question: Given the coordinates of the destination point, how do we go to the source point? The applied heat load is described via a user-defined function, hf (x,y,t), that describes how the laser heat load moves back and forth along the x -axis in the global coordinate system. The effect of the rotation of the wafer is modeled through a transport term in the governing heat transfer equation: The transport term in this equation, \bf{u}, is used to account for the rotation of the wafer, so it is not necessary to explicitly rotate the geometry. Take a look at the figure below. The time varying coordinates of the point at which we want to evaluate the temperature can be entered as the coordinates of the destination map. Next, lets take a look at the settings of the General Extrusion coupling operator. Right-click study 1 to compute the model. Using source and destination maps to define implicit relations between source and destination coordinates in a General Extrusion operator. Rename the third strut to finish off the physics set up. In such cases, we can use projection, integration, average, maximum, or minimum component couplings. Also, are there other approaches to do this? This is exactly why COMSOL Multiphysics allows us to specify implicit relations between source and destination coordinates by using two mappings: the destination map and the source map. The Periodic Flow condition is used to set the velocity so it is identical at the inlet and outlet boundaries, allowing us to specify a pressure drop over a single unit cell. I have the other model, where i would need this variable u, but this time, it is a 2D model, non time dependent. When this check box is left unchecked, COMSOL Multiphysics assumes that we have explicit expressions for each coordinate of the source as functions of coordinates of the destination. In this example, one expression is sufficient enough to uniquely relate any destination point in the square domain to a source point on the parabolic curve. Extrusion operators are used to identify which point in the source entity corresponds to a point in the destination entity. To evaluate the temperature at the destination coordinates, you can call the General Extrusion coupling operator with a temperature argument, as genext1(T), where T is the dependent variable name for Temperature. General Extrusion, Linear Extrusion . Left: Temperature varies linearly from left to right. The video shown below uses the latter of the two strategies to model a 26-meter excavation. Please can you explain what I am doing wrong? Box 3488 Youngstown, OH 44513. Using a General Extrusion operator to refer to the electric potential at a point on the other side of the junction. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. These indices are, in a sense, coordinates of an intermediate mesh, and a General Extrusion operator matches source and destination points that have the same intermediate coordinates. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. Thus, two extrusion operators are required. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. It is also possible to define the mapping in terms of coordinate systems. Schematic diagram of COMSOL coupling with external code RMC. Alternatively, from the Extrude from list, select Work plane to extrude objects from a work plane. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. As you can see, they are in the same location but are different boundaries. It is also possible to define the mapping in terms of coordinate systems. Thank you. I will always remember a Geotechnical Engineering class I took during the pursuit of my Civil Engineering degree. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. Now you know how to use the General Extrusion coupling operator to probe a solution at a moving point. At any given time, the (x, y, z) coordinates of this point are given by: (0.5[in]*cos(t), 0.5[in]*sin(t), 2.75e-4[m]), where is the angular velocity of the rotating wafer disk. . The upper layer soil, the lower layer soil, and the retaining wall. One application of a General Extrusioncoupling is to mirror the solution on the x-axis. The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots.
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