[2] D. K. Henderson-Quartey, The Ga of Ghana: History and Culture of a West African People, 2001. The dance takes place on the last day of the whole rite process. At this point, it, away as possible from Egypt. Since most of their towns scattered along the coast from Lanma (Mt. It is believed that the Ga-Dangmes Kingdom at AYAWASO was the first Kingdom in GHANA. Coins placed in the coffins of the deceased believing that their spirits will use it in paying for their passage across the River Jordan. This was the 3rd group that left Egypt, and it consisted of all the other tribes who lived South of Goshen along the They speak the Ewe language (Ewe: Eegbe) which belongs to the Gbe family of languages. Through Zilpah, Jacob had Dan and Gad and four more sons. They usually make carved stools, jewellery, richly woven cloth, brass gold weights, and gold aircraft. The great castle then became the African headquarters of the Dutch West Indies Company, whose business was supplying the needs of the New Worlds great plantations. After what is believed to have been a very long stay in Boma, the Gas decided once again that it was time to It was situated between the Sahara and the headwaters of the Sngal and Niger rivers, in an area that now comprises southeastern Mauritania and part of Mali. As Professor Odotei (ibid) forcefully points out, so far no definite date has been established for the first migration into the Accra plains. Also, the name of the hunter, KADI, who found a group people at OSU DOKU and introduced them to the Nungua Mantse, is a Hebrew name. The date of the earliest settlement at Accra is not known, but that settlement was flourishing by the fifteenth century. She argued that these were emigrant refugee families of the Ga Boni, Ga Wo, Ga Mashie and the Obutu fleeing in separate parties from Tetetutu and other Benin parts, probably travelling along the beach, and eventually settled along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea, in the Greater Accra region. Of course, Loei is a Ga name for another species of dark brown ants, which meanders about in great swarms; invading houses, killing and devouring everything in their way. [3] J. H. Greenberg. suffering of his people at the hands of God almighty. A section of Osu trace their origin to Osudoku in the Adanme area. Meanwhile, Adote Nii Ashare and Tete Kpshi who with their retinue made their abode beyond the Korle lagoon returned and settled by the same Fort; and their descendants also established the Sempi quarters. In the early days, they wore this cloth for happy occasions only. Ghana, country of western Africa, situated on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. According to Odotei, other languages such Ewe, Hausa and those of European origins, have also contributed words such as Aboo garden in Ewe, and Abotsi friend in Hausa. The Ga-speaking peoples were organized into six independent towns ( Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshi, Nungua, and Tema). Each group's divisions are united by a common origin, history, language, and cultural legacy. [12] T. A. Astley, New Collection of Voyages and Travels, Vol. According to him, the Ga refers to the Guans as Shits mi (landowners) and on this basis, acknowledged seniority to them for being first to settle in the territory. Sections of Ga Mashie trace their origins as Far East as the southern part of modern Nigeria, though so far no confirmatory evidence has been established for this. Corroborating Reindorf assertions, Field (1937, pp.1-2) and Kilson (1971, pp.9-10) discussing the geographical locations of the Ga described the areas they occupied along the coast; with the sea and the sharply rising Akwapem mountains as its Southern and North boundaries. After settling in West Africa, Ga and Adangbe were highly influenced by their neighbours. Even though these narratives of the origin of the Ga-speaking people depended mainly on the generics of oral traditions, legends, etc: it is obvious that names of certain places such as Tetetutu, Benin, Boni, Boma, Sam or Seme, Aneho and others have featured prominently in the migration stories of most scholars of Ga history. They once had a very famous and strong Notwithstanding their historical tribulations as a smaller State, by their names; cultures, traditions, national contributions and the reoccurring socio-economic complaints and probably, unattended grievances, the woes of the Ga peoples, could be perhaps, summed up as one of unfortunate or self-inflicting- at least, as peoples who have been at the forefront of Gold Coasts socio-political realignment and self-determination. These areas stretched northwards to the boundaries of the plains of Accra and were under the control of their own governments and administrations. The Ga are descended from immigrants who came down the Niger River and across the Volta during the 17th century. The tribe of Ga are descendants of GAD and are the hebrew Israelites. Some of the people enslaved were described as AKAN in the slave records. Not until recently, I never knew that the Ga town- Pokuase, was founded by a man named [O]poku? Nevertheless, it is mandatory for any family who wants their deceased to be buried by the church to ensure that their designer knows how to create a bible-shaped coffin. Their staple foods are rice and yams, mostly when they are in season. Can you who say you are a stranger make me mankralo? (UNESCO) Vol. Henderson-Quartey on his part observed that, prior to the Ga domination of the Accra Plains the Guan settlements within these areas might have been considerable. The Kwa people of Africa include the Ga-Dagbe, Ewe, Akwapim, Fanti, Kwahu, and Akim and Ashanti. In ancient Israel of the Bible, the deceased were said to be buried across the river Jordan. These four quarters make up Ussher Town, the area placed under Dutch jurisdiction in the seventeenth century. Through my own research I have found that the Ga-Dnagmes believe in one supreme being and an evil being who we would call Satan in Europe society. While asapatre (Shoe), goa (Guava), dashi (Bribe), gudiimin (Good Evening), moonimooni (Good Morning), feesi (First) are corrupted forms of Portuguese and English words respectively. According to him, historically, the Ga of Ghana were believed to have once lived along the eastern part of the banks of the River Nile during the reign of Thothmes II, the then Pharaoh of Egypt, circa 1700 -1250 BCE. The horn language of the Ga chief is also, with a few exceptions, mostly Akan. Modern historians more or less agree that since time immemorial the Guans have been "the original inhabitants" of Ghana, because unlike the Akan who arrived from Bouna in the north-west, the Ewe from Notsie in Togo about 1720, the Ga-Adangme from certain parts in Nigeria, and the Mossi-Dagomba group of states who migrated from the north . Who is the blackest person in the world, and is there a Guinness World Record for it? Accra became the most prominent Ga town and is now the capital of Ghana. This was after about 430yrs of slavery. South of Sudan. Gads fifth son was Eri who later formed a clan known as Erites (Genesis 30:9, Genesis 46:16, Numbers 26:15-19 and Deuteronomy 3:12; Genesis 30:4-83:12.The descendant of Eri, son of Gad are believed to have founded the Nri Kingdom around 900 A.D of the South Eastern and parts of the mid-western Igboland in Nigeria with other tribes of Levi, Zebulon, Ephraim and possibly more. the Nile which is the south of Sudan. They left Egypt and migrated to Ghana via Nigeria and Ethiopia there is much discussion around this on the internet. The Akan, Ewe, Mole-Dagbane, Guan, and Ga-Adangbe are prominent Ghana tribe. Here the highway looks out on coconut groves lining the beach, and the massive weight of St. Georges Castle, at the end of the bays long sweep, is clear even from a distance. What is the traditional food of the Ga? Bible(Numbers 1 vs 26-47). Trading is generally in the hands of women, and a husband has no control over his wifes money. Also, the DIPO or OTUFO customs of the Ga-Dangmes are said to be ancient Hebrew Israelites customs. This had been shown in Operation[s] Moses (1984) and Solomon (1991), where the Israeli regime airborne their starved cousins from Abyssinia. Then they began to leave Egypt during 672-525 B.C. Aaron under the direction of God, lead them to cross the Red Sea onto Palistinia. For example, the Otublohum of Ga Mashie originally settled in Accra as representatives of the Akwamu government. Omissions? They mainly sell fish, maize, beer, and even prepared foods. Henderson-Quartey on his part noted that the Ga Mashi, Ga Wo, and the Ga Boni in association with some Guan groups having formed part of the emigrants that re-grouped at Tetetutu, crossed over from the east of the Volta into the Accra Plains. Baafuor Ossei-Akoto has this to say when he wrote about a brief history of the Akwamu people: Most of the present Akuapems still have their roots at Akwamufie especially those bearing the names Addo and Akoto or from the Aduana family. Find out more from the post. It was in the We that a child was welcomed into the world through the custom of kpojiemo (outdooring), marriage transactions are made in the We and it was in the We that a member was laid in state and the last rites performed for him when he dies. In a case of D.P. It must also be noted that, i, writing all their history down so they were all oral traditions. However, some Ga people became Christians after being introduced to them in 1835 by Joseph Rhodes, a Christian missioner who lived near them, while others have also become Muslims. Ga-History and The Ga People of Ghana - Ga History Oral history traces our ancestry from the old - Studocu Talks about Gas in Ghana and their way of living and social practices, it is a great lecture note that allows you to know all about Ghana ga history oral Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew In his discourse of the establishment of two out of the seven Ga Mashie Akutsii (quarters), Reindorf avers that Ayikai Osiahene with his people settled near James Fort and founded Akangmadshe and Mereku, i.e. Because of the gold and the presence of Lake Volta, the Ashanti people built an empire in 1670. mashi who helped Nuumo Tr bi of Nuua to find and make/form Tshi. Again they migrated across West Africa and finally stopped in Ghana, which became their permanent home. Also, the DIPO or OTUFO customs of the Ga-Dangmes are said to be ancient Hebrew Israelites customs. http://www.ghanadot.com have great information regarding this. Field, Religion and Medicine of the Ga People, 1937. It is believed that Gas may have also undergone the hash treatment the Hebrews had to endure, hence the Although relatively small in area and population, Ghana is one of the leading countries of Africa, partly because of its considerable natural wealth and partly because it was the first black African country south of the Sahara to achieve independence from colonial rule. This is part of the Gur language that is also dominant in northern Ghana. 1. What can be said without qualms is that the Ga people were not stable, but dynamic and engaged in the very common phenomenon of migration- the Homowo [Passover] festival had its origin in such migration the second divide of belief attributed the unleavened com bread to that of Jewish unleavened flour bread as the ritual food, the red clay painted at the door posts and the way the people eat in hurry during the festival are linked to the traditions of the Jewish Passover feast. But like the said Ewe-Israeli ancestral links, this one too, I have difficulty to accept whole-heartedly in that we know that Israelis cherish their blood bond. I will be exploring their heritage and other tribes later in this blog. [5] Margaret J. The above historical narrations by these scholars points to the fact that the Ga coastal towns were established through the amalgamation of different tribes comprising of both indigenes and emigrants, with the sole aim of protecting themselves from extinction by invaders from the hinterland. They also eat and sell fish, maize, and beer. So far, African Ga women are highly skilled in preparing different foods and making beer using various natural items. This Ga settlement areas is bounded on the East by the Tshemu lagoon near Tema, on the West by the Sakumofio River, the North by Akuapem Mountains and the South by the Gulf of Guinea. Yet it might be simplistic if not erroneous if the Akan is to predict the extinction of the Ga Language. At the beginning of every year, these people plant and grow crops to prepare for the Homowo festivals. I am going to research this tribe and continue to update this post with my findings. 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While the Onyeni deity-worshipping group led by Nii Moi, settled behind the cliffs of the James Fort, which was later on built by an English trading company in 1672. In the Book of numbers, the Bible had made extensive references to the children of Israel, which includes Gad and Dan and their children (Numbers 1:1-54). It must also be noted that, in those days, Gas didnt have scholars The largest tribe are the Ashanti, with their traditional capital at Kumasi. With this loss some of the Ga with their king fled from Accra and founded another state with its capital Glidzi across the Volta in the modern republic of Togo. The Ga women also make accessories using beads, gold, and wood and then wear them during these important occasions. They further indicated that the coastal towns established by the wandering Ga tribes from west to east are Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshie, Nungua, Tema and Kpong. east towards the Horn of Africa. They were once defeated and ruled by the Akwamus (1680-1730); the Akyems (1730-1742) and the Asantes (1742- 1826). Besides, in Ga religious expressions, mpai (libation), otutu (a mound of shrine) etc, are also of Akan origin. Asante Fordjour ABSTRACT From the mystical Akan historical accounts of the Ga peoples; and not until I had the privilege of reading from Professor Irene Odotei (External Influence on Ga Society and Culture), all that I knew about Nkranfuo [the Gamee] was the empirical belief that their ancestors, mysteriously, fled from Ilfe, in the ancient Nigeria, in their columns like soldier-ants along the Gulf of Guinea to their present settlements, in a date which is hard to be traced. Ga, also spelled Gan, or G, people of the southeast coast of Ghana, speaking a dialect of the Kwa branch of Niger-Congo languages. The Ashanti Kingdom controlled much of the present Ghana using Kumasi as the central base. Below is a quote from their blog. These people were absorbed by the Ga-speaking people. had it not been that, our ancestor wouldnt have spoken so much about Boma. Though the early Ga settlement were initially under the leadership and directions of Wolomei and gbaloi (prophets), these settlements were patterned on Akan military organization as the territorial expansion needed strong defence against invading forces from the Fantes (efa te wu fo) on the West, and the Akyem and Akwamu to the North. A personal account of St George Castle in Elmina is below by the New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/25/travel/the-slave-fortresses-of-ghana.html?pagewanted=all. He further posits that while in Nigeria, these groups once again separated, with one part moving west to the land of the ancient Benins, while the rest moved north-west to Ife in the Yoruba land. Have a good day. These three quarters are commonly called James Town and formed the original area of British jurisdiction at Accra. Each town had a stool, which served as the central object of Ga ritual and war magic. Initially, they went to Nigeria through Ethiopia before settling in Ghana. The Ga Mashie community as it is known today comprise of the seven Akutsii (quarters) made up of Asr, Sempi, Abola, Gbs, Akumadzei, Otublohum (Otubronu i.e. 2. The festival means hooting for hunger. Among them is the Kpakpatse We Royal Family, whose history we shall discuss in this discourse. They later migrated to West Africa and eventually stopped in Ghana, becoming their permanent home. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. According to oral traditions,. Moses and his brother The building that once housed a Portuguese Catholic Church became Elminas slave market, where African dealers brought their captives, many of them victims of tribal wars. I searched the name in Google and found they are descendants of the Ga tribe from Accra Ghana. They speak a variety of Kwa languages of the Niger-Congo language family. Cook Loaf) to Fla i.e. away as possible from Egypt. The main reason for this new migration according to Kilson (1974, pp.5-6) was the presence of the Portuguese and three other European powers that had by then established trading posts there, and were extending protection to the coastal towns and villages. before moving on to their present home in Ghana. By the 18th century an estimated 68,400 slaves were exported from Africa each year, of whom about 41,000 came from West Africa, according to published accounts of the times. Field, Social Organization of the Ga People, 1940. Examples are: NIIKOILAI (Rev:2, 6, 15); AMASA (2 Samuel 17, 25; 1 Chronicle 33 20-21 DJAANI/JANNE, 2 Timothy 3: 8; AMON, 2 Chronicle 33: 20-21; ASHALE (ASAHEL), 1 Chronicle 2:16, 2 Samuel 2: 18-19. continue the search for a land of their own. For example, the coffin's shape used to bury a person in this culture could tell of their profession and social status. Owusu = Owuolisu, i.e., death is crying: this is the nickname now belonging to every Odate. Nana Osei Tutu was also assisted by the Anumfuo (later Adumfuo) [Abrafuo] who accompanied him from Akwamu, in execution cases. The HOMOWO FESTIVAL (the PASSOVER) celebrated by the Ga-Dnagmes supports their claim that they are Hebrew Israelites, descendants of children of Jacob (Exodus 13: 1-10); Exodus 12: 1-50; Numbers 9:1-5According to Abbey in his book KEDZI AFO JORDAN (1968), Ga-Dangmes tradition during which they put money in the coffins of their deceased relatives prior to burial is an ancient Hebrew Israelites custom. [4] J. M. Bruce-Myers, The Origin of the Gas Journal of African Society, Vol. where they stayed for a long time; this place was called Boma near the beach town Cabinda in Congo (Zaire), but Cook Loaf) to Tungma (Ussher Town) and other places, were taken over by the various wandering Ga tribes. The Ga-speaking peoples were organized into six independent towns (Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshi, Nungua, and Tema). Little Akkra is middlemost of the maritime villages in this kingdom; the other two are Soko (Tsoko) to the West and Orsoko (Osukoo, i.e. Shamanism was their first belief when they worshipped their ancestors and gods. suffering of his people at the hands of God almighty. These are divisions of the community jointly established by the Ga-speaking emigrants, Fante, Obutu, Akwamu and Kpshi aborigines. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Here the Gas divided Alata was settled by Nigerian workers imported to construct a European fort. Among other towns founded by the Ga was Aneho. The Ga-Adangbe people have a unique culture with many traditional economic and social benefits, which is still observed to date. On entertainment, it is said that Ga recreational music such as asoayere and adowa are entirely in Akan, whilst others like tuumatu, kaadiohefeosee, siolele, adaawe and kpanlogo which are Ga, often include words or lines in Akan and occasionally other languages, such as Ewe and English. People are held accountable in this community for their actions. The modern Adangbe include the people of Shai . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Wulm (Chief Priest) among the Gas; Gbii kpaanyo anina w,an extract from from Hmw greetings Some of them include Ga-Dangme, GaDangme, Ga-Adampa, Ga-Adangme, Ga-Danmeli, Ga-Adampe, Ga-Adangbe, Ga-Adanme, and Ga-Ada. For example, from the last week of July to the first weekend of August, they have a celebration called Asafotu or Asafotufiami. On the other hand, Ga has occupied the towns around Tema and Accra. They are also taught how to dance Klama dance. Origin of Ga-Adangbe The Ga-Adangbe people came from a city in Egypt called Goshen. They speak in the Gbe language. many years. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana New Series, No. The following forts: Crevecoeur (the Present Ussher fort), James Fort and Christiansborg, belonging to the Dutch, English and Danes, had been respectively, built. ORIGIN OF THE GA-SPEAKING PEOPLE While Akumadzei one of the seven quarters of Ga Mashie community was of Guan origin. Here the contrasts that characterize Europes first footholds on the continent make themselves felt: the gray and white of the stone against the turquoise and green of the sea, the fortified solidity of the structure against the airy openness of the horizon. This left the British in sole charge of the Ga littoralThe abolition of slave trade in the nineteenth century also opened new opportunities in Accra which included the settlement of the Brazilian freed slaves in Accra. The Akan might yes, boast of its linguistic might over its territorial space and landholdings but what makes its cultures attractive? As a result, government became more centralized and military companies (asafoi) under captains (Asafoiatsmi) played crucial roles in the administration of these towns. http://www.ghanadot.com have great information regarding this. can see evidence of some of these in : The naming of children on the 8 th day (Exodus 12 vs 19); Male circumcision [13] Marion Kilson, African Urban Kinsman: The Ga of Central Accra, 1974. Owusu = Wonwuso, i.e., he boldly . The Anehos of Osu and La came to seek the alliance of the Ga in a civil war in their town, Aneho. This in his opinion is the case of the coastal town of Kpone, once Adangme, is now Ga speaking.. It is believed that the Ga-Dangmes Kingdom at AYAWASO was the first Kingdom in GHANA. Nii Oka The Asr group of people comprises of five different clans which relocated to the coastal settlements of Little Akra (Ga Mashie) after the destruction of Great Akra (Ayawaso) by the Akwamus in the early Sixteen Century. The Guan people are an ethnic group found almost in all parts of Ghana, including the Krachi people, language-Kaakye people Nkonya tribe, the Gonja, Anum, Larteh, Nawuri and Ntsumburu . At about 1250BC, the then king of Egypt, King Amenhotep 2 ( 7 th Pharaoh of Egypt ) couldnt stand any longer the They primarily speak the Guan languages of the Niger-Congo language family. The Guan tribe, also known as Gonja, Guang, or Ngbanya, is one of the many ethnic groups in the Republic of Ghana. Prof Irene Odotei is right: The external factor is crucial element in the development of Ga society and culture [and] The reaction of the Ga went beyond mere tolerance and the desire for more to join them as expressed in their libation prayer- Ablekuma aba kuma wo- May strangers come to settle among us. So, Kormantse na Abandzefo, what are the true origins of your twin-towns? The Ga-Dangbe, G-Dab, Ga-Dangme, or GaDangme are an ethnic group in Ghana, Togo and Benin. Later on he was referred to as Caboceer Cudjoe. THE CULTURE OF GA LANGUAGE The Hebrews spread across the whole land; from Goshen (north of Egypt, R. Niles mouth) to the south of From 1680 onwards, it became the practice of the Ga to seek refuge with their kinsmen in this new state whenever they faced difficulties in Accra.
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