To their own question, What nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them? the Gentiles would answer, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people (Deuteronomy 4:7, 6). For Haggai, the drought of the land and the ruin of the temple are inseparable. You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. Hosea, Prophet Hosea was a biblical prophet in the land of Israel and spoke the messages of the Lord. The earth would thus be rid of those who opposed God (Zechariah 14:12, 13). The book makes no reference to the fall of Samaria, which took place in 723/22 B.C., and it can therefore be concluded that the prophets last message was given prior to Samarias destruction. Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 B.C., during the accession year of Nebuchadnezzar (see on chapter 1:1). The postexilic view.The absence of any reference to a king of Judah or to Assyria or Babylon, the reference to the hostility of Tyre and Sidon, and the mention of Greeks have been taken by some commentators as evidence for a postexilic date for Joel. Timeline of one Prophets. 735BC-700BC - Micah the Prophet 732BC- 723BC - King Hoshea the last King of Israel was taken to Assyria 722BC - Israel Exiled as Slaves because of sin 716BC-686BC - King Hezekiah was the 13th King of Judah 716-686BC - King Hezekiah - the sun goes backward 695BC - King Manasseh the 14th King of Judah 660BC - The Prophet Nahum They were to be far in advance of other nations in wisdom and understanding. 3:5). They brought forth wild grapes rather than the mature fruit of a Godlike character (Isaiah 5:1-7; cf. The modernist school of interpretation bases its position on the a priori assumption that any knowledge of the future is impossible, and ignores all evidence to the contrary. He states that he ministered under King Josiah (chapter 1:1), who reigned from 640 to 609 B.C. If these rules are consistently followed the resulting interpretation can be accepted with confidence. Every resource on our site was made possible through the financial support of people like you. All dates are given according to the Common Era, not the Hebrew calendar. The day, before, He had called it my house (chapter 21:13), but henceforth He no longer owned it as His. Jerusalem would have become a great missionary center, and the earth would have been set ablaze with the light of truth in one grand, final appeal to those who had not as yet accepted the invitation of divine mercy. The blessings thus assured to Israel are, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens. Had Israel as a nation preserved her allegiance to Heaven, Jerusalem would have stood forever, the elect of God (Jeremiah 7:7; 17:25). We hope what you find here will add to your understanding of and appreciation for the Bible. Mark 7:9). Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. Nothing is known concerning the prophet Habakkuk beyond his name. or during the early years of his reign. Having declined, thus, to surrender themselves to God as His agents for the salvation of the human race, the Jews, as a nation, became agents of Satan for the destruction of the race. Furthermore, the fact that the people of Tyre and Sidon do not appear as hostile nations of Judah until the last decades of its history, while they are mentioned by Joel as Judahs enemies, seems also to point to a late date for the prophets ministry. Louis F. Hartman and Alexander A. All nations of earth were to share in the blessings so generously bestowed upon Israel. 5. Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. Then came a pause in his activity of almost two years, at the end of which Zechariah received another divine message, on December 6, 518 (chapter 7:1), recorded in chapters 7 and 8. It should be remembered that God does not force the human will, and that Israels cooperation was essential to the success of His plan for the nation. Nothing is known of the prophet Joel beyond the fact that he was the son of Pethuel (chapter 1:1). One of the main objectives of the Bible commentator is to reconstruct the historical setting in which the declarations of the prophets were originally made. It was Gods design that the whole earth be prepared for the first advent of Christ, even as to-day the way is preparing for His second coming. The present-day return of the Jews to Palestine and the establishment of the modern state of Israel do not imply reinstatement as Gods people, present or future. prophecies of Elijah, Micaiah, and Elisha. One royal visitor to Jerusalem exclaimed, The half was not told me! (1 Kings 10:1-9). Inasmuch as it is possible to date the kings of Judah and Israel, especially the later ones, with comparatively high accuracy, the various reigns during which these sixteen prophets ministered have been entered in this chart according to the tentative chronology used in this commentary. Since Josiah came to the throne as a child, he must have lived under a regent, which explains why no king is mentioned by Joel. 5. In this case, he was an octogenarian. In so doing we shall be secure against the fanciful explanations sometimes given certain Old Testament prophecies. Captivity, he said, had confirmed the curse that came because of disobedience (verses 11, 12) and Jerusalem lay desolate (verses 16-19). In Judea: prophecy of Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Obadiah, and Habakkuk The prophets call us to re-learn the lesson that a respect for the creator of the earth we occupy is a starting point for peace between the earth and its inhabitants. It was their unwillingness to submit to the restrictions and requirements of God that prevented them, to a great extent, from reaching the high standard which He desired them to attain, and from receiving the blessings which He was ready to bestow upon them. It was ordained of God to meet the needs of His people at the time it was given and to remind them of the glorious destiny that awaited them as a nation, of the coming of the Messiah, and of the establishment of His eternal kingdom. They would send messengers to Israel with the declaration, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you (Zechariah 8:23). In fact, this procedure is responsible more than anything else for the fanciful interpretations that distinguish the teachings of certain religious groups. Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns on Kings of Judah and Israel This tabular displays and reigns of either of to Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the daten and lengths of the ruler, and the prophets who where active at that time. With the call of Abraham, God set in operation a definite plan for bringing the Messiah into the world and for presenting the gospel invitation to all men (Genesis 12:1-3). Note by whom it was spoken, to whom it was addressed, and the circumstances that called it forth. Jer 2 - 6 2, 3God sends Jeremiah to Jerusalem to give a series of messages to the people of Judah. When the Jews rejected Christ as the Messiah, God in turn rejected them and commissioned the Christian church as His chosen instrument for the salvation of the world (Matthew 28:19, 20; 2 Corinthians 5:18-20; 1 Peter 2:9, 10; etc.). seem to refer to those recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, while nothing points to the troubles caused by Hazael, as narrated in 2 Kings 12:17, 18 and 2 Chronicles 24:23, 24, it has been concluded that Joel gave his messages during the time lying between these two events. Hence, he seems to have labored at a time before Assyria played a role in Palestinian affairs. If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain. It was therefore not alone unto themselves and to their contemporaries that the prophets ministered, but also to all sincere men and women of later generations (1 Peter 1:12). Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. This leads us to conclude that Malachis work may have followed Nehemiahs first term as governor, but preceded his return to Jerusalem from the Persian capital. The remaining messages and prophecies, found in chapters 9-14, are not dated, a fact that prevents us from fixing the duration of the prophets activity. Accordingly, Abraham became in a special sense the Friend of God (James 2:23) and the father of all them that believe (Romans 4:11). A|D.X#. Text from Earth's Sacred Calendar: The Dated Events of the Old Testament TWENTY-FIVE Israel's 44 Kings and Their Prophets Saul Seeks Father's Donkeys Until the Temple Starts Burning Sunday September 22 - Tishri 10, 1050 BC To Monday July 21 - Av 7, 526 BC 523 Years and 303 Days They forgot that God abhors a multiplication of the forms of religion (Isaiah 1:11-18; Hosea 6:6; Micah 6:7; Malachi 2:13), and asks of man nothing but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with his God (Micah 6:8; cf. It is not known whether Malachi is the name of the author or simply the title of an otherwise anonymous author, since Malachi means my messenger. If it is the latter, his is the only anonymous work among the prophetic books of the Old Testament. It would become an object lesson of the results of acting in harmony with moral, as with natural, law. prophecy of Jonah[1] during the time of Babylonian captivity, though dating of the book ranges from the 6th to the late 3rd century BC. Their own characters were to be progressively ennobled and elevated, and to reflect more and more perfectly the attributes of the perfect character of God (Deuteronomy 4:9; 28:1, 13, 14; 30:9, 10). Higher than the highest human thought can reach is Gods ideal for His children. Predictions of national disgrace, rejection, and woe that were to result from apostasy would never have been realized. Below is a list of the prophets with dates, kings and historical events regarding Israel and her prophets. The prophets thus provided a firm foundation for the faith of the apostolic church and made a direct and vital contribution to the Christian faith. This Upper Egyptian capital city, better known by its Greek name Thebes, was destroyed by King Ashurbanipal in 663 B.C., a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahums prophecy. It was to be the result of wholehearted cooperation with the will of God as revealed through the prophets, and of divine blessing added to human efforts. As he was escaping on a ship bound for Tarshish a great storm arose. Returning to their homelands, the Gentile ambassadors would counsel their fellow countrymen, Let us go speedily to pray before the Lord, and to seek the Lord (Zechariah 8:21, 22; cf. (This rule does not apply to those portions of the book of Daniel that the prophet was bidden to shut up and seal, or to other passages whose application Inspiration may have limited exclusively to our own time.). chapter 9:7; Isaiah 66:23). First Century Israel Map - The promises and threatenings of God are alike conditional. 3 0 obj Samuel and Kings continued with the story of the nation of Israel, often through the perspective of prophets. Having begun his ministry in the time of Uzziah, king of Judah, and Jeroboam II, king of Israel (chapter 1:1), Hosea continued until the time of Hezekiah, king of Judah (chapter 1:1). Host: Alan's Gleanings Chart of the Kings Alphabetical List of the Kings Questions for Discussion A Comment about Names The Heritage of Jesus God's Message of Salvation Kings of the United Kingdom (c 1025-925 BC) King Relationship to Previous King God's Judgment Saul none did evil Ishbosheth* son . It was His purpose to set them on high above all nations of the earth (Deuteronomy 28:1), with the result that all people of the earth would recognize their superiority and call them blessed (Malachi 3:10, 12). However, it is possible that some of his undated prophecies were given at a later time. Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. A Jewish legend claims that he was stoned to death by his people. The prophets vivid description of the catastrophe that had befallen Thebes leaves the impression that the event was still fresh in the memory of the people, whereas Assyrias power, although waning, was not yet near its end. The fundamental principle by which we can tell unerringly when any particular promise or prediction of the Old Testament made originally to literal Israel is to meet its fulfillment with respect to spiritual Israel iswhen a later inspired writer makes such an application of it. This fact weakens the arguments for such a late date. In view of the light they had received from God, they were even worse than the heathen, to whom they felt so much superior. However, there is also no reference made to Persia, which would be expected if the book was of so late a date. Candid bible. Spiritual prosperity was to prepare the way for material prosperity. 2 0 obj Israel would reply, Accept our God as your God, love and serve Him as we do, and He will do the same for you. The blessings thus assured Israel were, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens see Acts 10:34, 35; 15:7-9; Romans 10:12, 13; etc.). Gods call to the nations would have been, Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth (Isaiah 45:22). Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. *The prophets are listed according to their order in the Scriptures. If the nation had been faithful to its trust and had appreciated the high destiny reserved for it by God, the whole earth would have awaited the coming of the Messiah with eager expectancy. Span includes the period of co-regency (if any). A study of the Old Testament prophets that consists primarily of lifting selected passages here and there out of their historical context and arbitrarily applying them to our dayas if the prophet spoke exclusively for our benefitis fraught with grave danger. Those in Israel who put forth their best efforts to cooperate with the revealed will of God realized, personally, a measure of the benefits He had promised. In the prophetic picture God is represented as gathering the nations to Jerusalem (Joel 3:1, 2; Zephaniah 3:6-8; cf. 4. Mormons have distinctive beliefs on what a prophet is. Through Israel of old, God planned to provide the nations of earth with a living revelation of His own holy character and an exhibit of the glorious heights to which man can attain by cooperating with His infinite purposes. Theology of Work Project Online Materials by Theology of Work Project, Inc. is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. However, 2 Kings 14:25 states that Jonah also pronounced a prophecy concerning the expansion of Israel that was fulfilled by Jeroboam II. Paul makes it clear beyond argument that when he speaks of Israel as the chosen people of God he means it in this sense. God designed that Israels experience should prove to be a warning to Judah (see Hosea 1:7; 4:15-17; 11:12; Jeremiah 3:3-12; etc.). With your gift of any size, youll enable us to continue equipping Christians with high-quality biblically-based content. This leaves Ezekiel with a ministry of at least 22 years, from 593/92 to 571/70. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. ?v>wO?D=`7[wx"*M -3R?$+Rjxwux>zz+ ,hd_AJ`sBJl2| AK7m?4(_^p/_zP_7LmVMNn[5s`#ydtA. The prophet was a citizen of Judah, but delivered messages to the kingdom of Israel as well. Roman Empire Map - Salvation was to be of the Jews, in that the Messiah would be a Jew (John 4:22), and by the Jews, as messengers of salvation to all men (Genesis 12:2, 3; 22:18; Isaiah 42:1, 6; 43:10; Galatians 3:8, 16, 18). x=kU0g\ET,? The accompanying chart enables the reader to study these prophets in their historical setting. Obedience to the law of God would make them marvels of prosperity before the nations of the world, living witnesses to the greatness and majesty of God (Deuteronomy 8:17, 18; 28:11-13). He had told them that He would progressively diminish their strength and honor as a nation until they should all be carried away into captivity (Deuteronomy 28:15-68; 2 Chronicles 36:16, 17). Josiah was also still a young king, having reached the age of but 21 years at that time. Please be aware that this might heavily reduce the functionality and appearance of our site. This call came to him in the 13th year of King Josiah (chapters 1:2; 25:3), about 627. Isaiah was a prophet of the southern kingdom, living in a critical period of his nation. Whatever the Jews, as a nation, may do, now or in time to come, is in no way related to the former promises made to them. In Abraham God found a man ready to yield unqualified obedience to the divine will (Genesis 26:5; Hebrews 11:8) and to cultivate a similar spirit in his posterity (Genesis 18:19). In preparation for this time please read 2 Kings 23:29-25:30, & 2 Chronicles 36. Jeremiah had been chosen by God for his office before birth (chapter 1:5), and was called to be a prophet at a tender age (chapter 1:6, 7). According to His beneficent purpose, the covenant promises were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. . The success of Israel was to be based on and to include: 1. Obadiahs prophecy, directed against Edom, presupposes that a looting of Jerusalem and a carrying away of many Jews into captivity had recently taken place. For some time he held a high position in Nebuchadnezzars government (chapter 2:48), and became a trusted counselor of the great king. Between the return from Babylon and the rejection of the Messiah, Israel was to have its second and final opportunity as a nation to cooperate with the divine plan (see Jeremiah 12:14-17). [3][4] Part of a serieson 3. Isaiah 2:2-4). We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. BC dates, I've also included the number of years since the end of Unparalleled prosperity, both temporal and spiritual, was promised them as the reward for putting into practice the righteous and wise principles of heaven (Deuteronomy 4:6-9; 7:12-15; 28:1-14). Living in a crisis period of his nation, Jeremiah was called to proclaim many messages of reproof and solemn predictions of doom over his people for their disobedience. Copyright 2008 - http://www.BibleChronologyTimeline.com. The consecutive order of the book of Haggai would indicate that his whole recorded ministry lasted not longer than 31/2 months, beginning (chapter 1:1) on August 29, 520 B.C., and extending, in his last two recorded speeches (chapter 2:10, 20), to December 18, 520. God was to be glorified in Israel (Isaiah 49:3) and its people were to be His witnesses (chapters 43:10; 44:8), to reveal to men the principles of His kingdom. Based on a work at www.theologyofwork.org. Among them about 30,000 are specified (Ezra 2 and Neh 7) as belonging to the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Levi. It ignores the plain statements of the Old Testament that Gods promises to Israel were all conditional. If chapter 52, a historical appendix, was written by the prophet, he must have lived until 561, when Jehoiachin was released from prison by King Evil-Merodach of Babylon (see chapter 52:31). Skill in agriculture and animal husbandry. Privacy Policy. Haggais courageous ministry was responsible for the resumption of the rebuilding of the Temple in the time of Darius I, after the work had ceased for some time (Ezra 4:24; 5:1). Any interpretation that fails to give these matters due consideration does violence to the Scriptures. Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. For these reasons Daniels extended prophetic ministry can be dated approximately from 603 to 535 B.C. They rejected the Light of the world, and henceforth their lives were surrounded with darkness as the darkness of midnight. Not all the prophets were anti-establishment, however. Remember thatgenerally speakingit was originally given with respect to the historical circumstances that called it forth. Feebleness and disease were to disappear entirely from Israel as the result of strict adherence to healthful principles (see Exodus 15:26; Deuteronomy 7:13, 15; etc.). The 9th-century view.The great empires of Assyria and Babylonia do not appear within the horizon of the prophet. He probably died in the Nile country. Major Prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel. Numbers 14:26-34. ). Click to enable/disable _ga - Google Analytics Cookie. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. The glory that distinguished the early part of the reign of Solomon was due in part to his own faithfulness during that time, and in part to the fact that his father David had seemed to appreciate fully Israels exalted privileges and responsibilities (see Psalms 51:10, 11; Isaiah 55:3; cf. Blessings if they followed the LORD and curses if they forsook him. The glorious promises originally made to literal Israel are meeting their fulfillment today in the proclamation of the gospel to all men (Revelation 14:6, 7). Minor prophets. The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. God may reject one nation or group of people in favor of another if those first summoned persistently refuse to cooperate with Him (see Jeremiah 18:6-10; cf. However, these messages pertaining to the then-distant future were intended, not only to inspire patience, comfort, and hope in the day they were first given, but also to provide men of Christs day with confirming evidence of His Messiahship. In trying to keep all of these people and messages clear in my mind, I have put together a list of all the kings and prophets during the period of the divided kingdom (roughly 931-586 BC). Judah was conquered by Babylon in 586 BC and returned to the land after 70-year captivity. Pride obscured their vision [see Luke 19:42]. In general, Old Testament promises and predictions were addressed to literal Israel and were to have been fulfilled to them, conditional on obedience. Ultimately Israel was conquered by Assyria and went into captivity in 721 BC, never to return as an independent nation. was 42,360, besides servants. He says specifically that by Jew he does not mean a literal Jew but one converted at heart, whether he be Jew or Gentile (chapter 2:28, 29). The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. During the reign of Jehoiakim he nearly lost his life for his bold messages, and hence went into hiding (chapter 36:26). During the reign of Zedekiah, Judahs last king, Jeremiah was thrown into prison, being considered a traitor to his country (chapter 37:11-16) because he advised his people to surrender to the Babylonians. The work of no other prophet can be dated so definitely as that of Haggai. ), have never been and can never be fulfilled to them as a nation. Nehemiah 13:23-27). For a graphic picture of how one nation would have responded to the irresistible appeal radiating from an Israel faithful to God, see Isaiah 19:18-22; cf. Examine the prophecy in its entirety. You can check these in your browser security settings. Acts 13:22). (prophecy of Deborah) During the Kingdom of Israel and Judah c. 1025 BC-c. 1003 BC [citation needed] King Saul, prophecy of Samuel, Several of the prophets messages are dated exactly, and the last of these dated prophetic messages was received in the 27th year of Ezekiels captivity (chapter 29:17), 571/70. Without this, the people of Israel would not qualify to receive the material blessings God designed to bestow upon them. Nehemiah 12:12, 16). Galatians 5:19-23), and because of this failure to bear the fruit expected of them, forfeited their role in the divine plan (see Romans 11:20). For these reasons the 7th-century date for Joel has been adopted in this commentary, although there is no conclusive proof that this choice is correct. Nation after nation would come over (Isaiah 45:14), that is, be joined with and cleave to the house of Jacob (chapter 14:1). Finally, it was demonstrated before the universe that, apart from God, humanity could not be uplifted, and that a new element of life and power must be imparted by Him who made the world. Far from becoming the light of the world, the Jews shut themselves away from the world as a safeguard against being seduced into idolatry (see Deuteronomy 11:26, 27; cf. NOTE: This will conclude our study of Kings. The prophet Hosea was a citizen of the northern kingdom of Israel, whose ruler, Jeroboam II, is called by the prophet, our king (chapters 1:1; 7:5).
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